Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging blood vessels in the retina. This leads to vision problems and potential blindness.

There are two forms of diabetic retinopathy:

1. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR): Characterized by the growth of new, fragile blood vessels that can bleed and cause vision loss.
2. Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR): An initial stage where tiny blood vessels leak blood or fluid, causing retina swelling or deposits.

Causes of PDR

Causes include:  neovascular glaucoma, traction retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage. A comprehensive medical eye examination is essential for early detection and treatment. Treatment options include:

1. Vitrectomy: Removing blood-filled vitreous and replacing it with a clear solution.
2. Laser Surgery: Treating macular edema, PDR, and neovascular glaucoma with multiple laser treatments.
3. Medical Treatment: Injections of anti-VEGF medication and steroid medication to stop new blood vessel growth and bleeding.

Strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure is crucial to preventing vision loss. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Regular medical eye examinations are essential for individuals with diabetes.